| 木村 江梨花 | D, 中間発表 | サイバネティクス・リアリティ工学 | 清川 清, | 加藤 博一, | 内山 英昭, | Perusquia Hernandez Monica, | 平尾 悠太朗 |
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title: Perceptual and Psychological Effects of the Underwater Environment: Eliciting Awe and Perceiving Traveled Distance
abstract: This presentation reports on two experiments investigating the effects of the unique physical environment of being "Underwater"—where gravitational cues and proprioception are altered by buoyancy and water pressure—on human psychological states and perception. The first study concerns the elicitation of "Awe," a complex emotional experience that primarily occurs when encountering vastness. To investigate how a physical underwater environment amplifies awe and presence, a 2x2x2 within-subjects experiment was conducted with 31 participants. The conditions combined (1) physical submersion (underwater / above water), (2) virtual submersion (underwater: pool, ocean / above water: corridor, space), and (3) awe-inducing stimuli (awe-inducing: ocean, space / neutral: pool, corridor). Quantitative evaluations were performed using validated questionnaires (AWE-S and IPQ). The second study is a fundamental investigation into traveled distance perception in an underwater environment, conducted during a research stay in Germany. While locomotion perception on land has been applied to VR redirection techniques, its characteristics underwater remain largely unexplored. To test hypotheses regarding the underestimation of traveled distance due to attenuated gravitational cues and distance-dependent perceptual shifts, we conducted an experiment with 18 participants. Participants underwent passive movement while blindfolded across three distance conditions for a total of 15 trials, and were asked to estimate the distance traveled. Data analysis is currently underway based on the actual and estimated distances. language of the presentation: Japanese 発表題目: 水中の物理的特性は人間の感覚をどう変えるか？ ——Awe感情と受動的移動知覚の実験的調査 発表概要:本発表では、浮力や水圧によって重力情報・固有受容覚が変化する「水中」という特異な物理環境が、人間の心理状態および知覚に与える影響について調査した2つの実験を報告する。 1つ目は、主に広大さを目の前にしたときに現れる感情的体験「Awe」の誘発に関する研究である。物理的な水中環境がAweやPresenceをどう増幅させるかを調査するため、31名を対象に、①物理的な没入（水中／水上）、②仮想的な没入（水中：プール・海／水上：廊下・宇宙）、③Awe誘発刺激（誘発あり：海・宇宙／中立：プール・廊下）を組み合わせた2×2×2の被験者内実験を実施し、アンケート（AWE-S, IPQ）を用いた定量的評価を行った。 2つ目は、ドイツでの研究滞在中に実施した、水中での移動距離知覚に関する基礎調査である。陸上での移動知覚はVRのリダイレクション技術等に応用されているが、水中での特性は未解明な点が多い。重力情報の減衰に伴う移動距離の過小評価や、実距離に依存した知覚の違いに関する仮説を検証するため、18名の参加者を対象に、3つの距離条件合計15回、目隠し状態での受動的な移動を実施、距離予測をしてもらった。実際の移動距離、参加者の予測距離のデータを元に、現在データの分析を進めている。 | |||||||
| 森下 詠心 | M, 2回目発表 | サイバネティクス・リアリティ工学 | 清川 清, | 加藤 博一, | 内山 英昭, | Perusquia Hernandez Monica, | 平尾 悠太朗 |
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title: Investigation of the Effect of Pseudo-Haptic Feedback Using the Infinite Motion Illusion on Perceived Resistance
abstract: Pseudo-haptics is a technique that induces haptic and force sensations through the manipulation of visual feedback, and conventional approaches based on Control/Display (C/D) ratio modification have been extensively studied. However, these methods inherently introduce a mismatch between the user’s actual input and the displayed movement, which can lead to discomfort and reduced controllability. This issue becomes particularly pronounced in environments such as AR, where the user’s real hand motions are directly visible. To address this limitation, we propose a new pseudo-haptic method that employs the infinite motion illusion, which induces perceived motion solely through luminance changes, enabling the presentation of haptic illusions without introducing positional discrepancies. We have previously conducted an experiment to evaluate perceived intensity in a 2D cursor manipulation environment and confirmed the fundamental effectiveness of the proposed method. We are currently preparing a further experiment to investigate how perceived intensity varies under different manipulation conditions. language of the presentation: Japanese 発表題目: 無限運動錯視を用いた疑似触覚提示が主観的抵抗感に及ぼす影響の調査 発表概要: Pseudo-hapticsは、視覚的フィードバックの操作によって触覚や力覚の錯覚を生じさせる技術であり、C/D比を用いた従来手法が広く研究されてきた。しかし、この手法は実際の操作量と画面上の動きの不一致を伴うため、違和感や操作性の低下を招きやすく、特に自分の手の動きが可視なAR環境等では効果が弱まるという課題がある。そこで本研究では、位置の不一致を生じさせず触覚錯覚を提示する新たな方法として、輝度変化のみで動きを知覚させる無限運動錯視を利用したPseudo-haptics手法を提案する。これまでに2Dカーソル操作環境における感覚強度の評価実験を行い、提案手法の基本的な効果を確認できた。現在は、さらに操作条件による感覚強度の違いを調査するための実験を準備している。 | |||||||
| 長屋 陽大 | M, 2回目発表 | インタラクティブメディア設計学 | 加藤 博一, | 清川 清, | 澤邊 太志, | Isidro Butaslac | |
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title: Investigation of the Effects of Onset Position and Initial Notification of Hand Redirection on Perception in VR
abstract: Hand redirection (HR) is a technique that manipulates the mapping between real and virtual hand movements to present the virtual hand at a position different from the real hand, and detection thresholds within which users do not notice the discrepancy have been extensively studied. Recent work has also suggested its potential for exercise support applications such as rehabilitation. However, no study has systematically varied the point at which the offset is introduced during a continuous reaching movement, and it also remains unclear how a notification at the start of the movement affects the detectability of HR and the sense of body ownership and agency. In this study, we use the sit-and-reach exercise as a task and investigate the effects on the detectability of HR and bodily sensations by varying the onset position of HR in stages and manipulating the presence or absence of a notification (vibration, light, and sound) at the start of the movement. We are currently preparing to conduct the main experiment. language of the presentation: Japanese 発表題目: VRにおけるハンドリダイレクションの導入位置と開始時通知が知覚に与える影響の調査 発表概要: ハンドリダイレクション(HR)は、実際の手の運動と仮想手の運動の対応関係を操作し、実手と異なる位置に仮想手を提示する技術であり、ユーザーに気づかれない範囲の検出閾値が広く研究されてきた。近年ではリハビリテーションなど運動支援への応用可能性も示されている。しかし、連続的な到達動作の中でズレをどの時点から導入するかを段階的に操作した検討はなく、また動作開始時の通知がHRの気づかれやすさや身体所有感・主体感に与える影響も明らかでない。そこで本研究では、長座体前屈を課題として、HRの導入位置(onset)を段階的に変化させ、さらに動作開始時の通知(振動・光・音)の有無を操作し、HRの検出されやすさと身体感覚への影響を調査する。現在は、本実験の実施に向けて準備を進めている。 | |||||||
| 八杉 夏帆 | M, 2回目発表 | サイバネティクス・リアリティ工学 | 清川 清, | 加藤 博一, | 内山 英昭, | Perusquia Hernandez Monica, | 平尾 悠太朗 |
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title: Effects of Interactivity in AR-Based Learning Materials for Spatial Geometry\\on Learning Outcomes and Cognitive Load
abstract: This study investigates the effects of the operability of augmented reality (AR) learning materials on learning outcomes and cognitive load in the context of learning three-dimensional geometry in mathematics. Previous studies have shown that AR-based visualization can enhance spatial understanding; however, allowing learners to manipulate AR content freely may increase cognitive load and potentially hinder learning. This study compares three learning conditions: conventional paper-based materials, observation-based AR materials, and interactive AR materials. In addition, it examines the interaction between these learning conditions and learners' visuospatial working memory capacity. A learning experiment will be conducted with junior high school students, using pre- and post-tests as well as subjective cognitive load assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of each learning material. The findings are expected to provide design guidelines for developing AR learning materials tailored to learners' cognitive characteristics. language of the presentation: Japanese 発表題目: 空間図形学習におけるAR教材のインタラクティビティが学習効果と認知負荷に与える影響 発表概要: 本研究では，数学の空間図形学習を対象として，AR教材のインタラクティビティが学習効果および認知負荷に与える影響を明らかにする．先行研究では，AR教材による視覚化が空間理解を促進することが示されている一方，学習者による自由な操作は認知負荷を増加させ，学習を阻害する可能性が指摘されている．本研究では，紙教材，観察型AR教材，操作型AR教材の3条件を比較し，さらに学習者の視空間ワーキングメモリ容量との相互作用に着目する．中学生を対象とした学習実験を実施し，事前・事後テストおよび主観的認知負荷評価を用いて，各教材の有効性を検証する．本研究により，学習者の認知特性に応じたAR教材設計の指針を明らかにすることを目指す． | |||||||
| 赤塚 優暉 | M, 2回目発表 | 情報セキュリティ工学 | 林 優一, | 岡田 実, | 向川 康博, | 藤本 大介, | 鍛治 秀伍 |
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title: Study on High-Accuracy Evaluation of Echo TEMPEST Using Harmonic Phase Modulation
abstract: The threat of Echo TEMPEST has been reported, in which a target device is actively irradiated with a continuous wave (CW), and information is reconstructed from the reflected waves. This method exploits electromagnetic (EM) information leakage via reflected waves caused by changes in the IC's input impedance, which vary depending on the output state. However, surrounding noise and self-interference between the transmitting and receiving antennas dominate the received signal, thereby reducing demodulation accuracy. Conventionally, multiple demodulation methods and self-interference suppression techniques have been proposed to address these issues; however, because they utilize multiple signal sources, they present challenges such as a complicated measurement setup and an increase in search parameters. Therefore, this study proposes a method to evaluate EM information leakage by Echo TEMPEST with high accuracy using a single signal source. Specifically, this study focuses on the phase modulation of harmonics generated by device’s nonlinearity under CW irradiation and demonstrates that, compared with the conventional approach, the proposed method mitigates SNR degradation and enables highly accurate evaluation. language of the presentation: Japanese | |||||||
| 織田 理史 | M, 2回目発表 | 情報セキュリティ工学 | 林 優一, | 岡田 実, | 向川 康博, | 藤本 大介, | 北澤 太基 |
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title: A Study on Electromagnetic Leakage of Audio Information Focusing on the Switching Timing of Class-D Amplifiers
abstract: Among the audio power amplifiers used in audio equipment, Class-D amplifiers employing pulse-width modulation (PWM) have become widely adopted because of their high power efficiency. However, the amplitudes and occurrence intervals of unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions generated by the switching operation of Class-D amplifiers depend on the amplitude of the input audio signal. Consequently, audio information can be intercepted through these EM emissions. Previous studies have demonstrated that audio information can be reconstructed by analyzing the amplitudes of EM emissions. However, because information in PWM signals is represented by temporal variations, the amplitudes of the EM emissions do not necessarily exhibit corresponding variations. This study investigates the feasibility of reconstructing audio information by focusing on the switching timing observed in EM emissions from Class-D amplifiers. Specifically, two-stage demodulation and frequency conversion were used to extract, from the switching noise, time intervals corresponding to the amplitude of the input audio signal. The results demonstrate that audio information can be reconstructed from the extracted time intervals. language of the presentation: Japanese | |||||||
| 門内 太一 | M, 2回目発表 | 情報セキュリティ工学 | 林 優一, | 岡田 実, | 向川 康博, | 藤本 大介, | 北澤 太基 |
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title: A Study on Deep Learning-Based Screen Content Reconstruction from Electromagnetic Emanations Using a Simulation-Generated Dataset
abstract: TEMPEST poses a threat of screen content leakage through electromagnetic (EM) waves unintentionally radiated from video equipment and cables. In measured leakage images reconstructed from EM emanations radiated from HDMI cables, the correspondence between the pixel values of the displayed image and the observed signals is disrupted, resulting in reduced text readability. To improve text readability, a deep-learning-based method has been proposed in which paired data consisting of measured leakage images and their corresponding displayed images are used as training data. However, measured leakage images vary depending on acquisition conditions, such as the cable, receiver position, measurement equipment, and surrounding environment. Therefore, it is difficult to collect paired data covering a wide variety of conditions. In this study, we propose a simulation-based paired-data generation method. The proposed method reproduces the HDMI signal transmission process, the process of EM radiation from the cable, and the measurement and imaging processes for the radiated EM waves, thereby generating leakage images corresponding to displayed images. In this presentation, a near-source condition, under which the effects of complex propagation and the receiving environment are relatively small, is adopted as the reference condition. A model trained using only data generated by the proposed method is then applied to measured leakage images acquired from three types of HDMI cables. The results demonstrate improved text readability for all three cable types, suggesting that, under near-source conditions, data generated by the proposed method may be used as training data. language of the presentation: Japanese | |||||||
| 新村 奨 | M, 2回目発表 | 情報セキュリティ工学 | 林 優一, | 岡田 実, | 向川 康博, | 藤本 大介, | 北澤 太基 |
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title: A Study on Evaluating the Effects of Video Display Units Usage Environments on Electromagnetic Information Leakage
abstract: The threat of screen information leakage through the interception and analysis of unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions from video display units (VDUs) is known as TEMPEST. Although the characteristics of such emissions vary significantly depending not only on the equipment itself but also on its operating environment, few studies compare the contributions of individual system components using a common measurement setup and evaluation metric. This study systematically varies the PC, external monitor, HDMI cable, grounding condition, installation environment, and receive polarization, and evaluates the influence of each factor on emission intensity using the received signal strength of pixel-clock harmonics as a common metric. The results show that the shield termination structure of the HDMI cable is the dominant factor affecting emission intensity, followed by the monitor and the PC, whereas the effects of grounding conditions and installation environments are relatively minor. These findings indicate that TEMPEST risk assessments should consider not only individual devices but also the components and conditions constituting their usage environments. language of the presentation: Japanese 発表題目: 映像機器の利用環境が電磁的情報漏えいに及ぼす影響の評価に関する研究 発表概要: 映像機器から非意図的に放射される電磁波を傍受・解析することで、画面情報が漏えいする脅威（TEMPEST）が知られている。その放射特性は機器単体だけでなく利用環境に応じて大きく変化するが、各構成要素の寄与を同一の計測系・指標で横並びに比較した検討は少ない。本研究では、PC、外部モニタ、HDMIケーブル、接地状況、設置環境、受信偏波を系統的に変化させ、ピクセルクロックの高調波成分の受信強度を共通指標として各要素が放射強度に与える影響を評価した。その結果、HDMIケーブルのシールド終端構造が放射強度を支配する最も大きな要因であり、モニタ、PCがこれに次ぐ一方、接地状況や設置環境の影響は相対的に小さいことを示した。以上より、TEMPESTのリスク評価では、機器単体だけでなく利用環境の構成要素を含めた評価が必要であることを示す。 | |||||||